Abstract: The study applied the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to the assessment of the ecological environment quality in Zhushan County, Hubei Province. By comparing the changes in the RSEI before and after the introduction of the mine density index, the impact of mine distribution on the ecological environment was analyzed. At the same time, the DPSR-TOPSIS coupling model was used to evaluate the ecological environment carrying capacity of Zhushan County from 2001 to 2021, and an index system covering 19 indicators was constructed. The index weights were calculated by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and the barrier function was introduced to identify the main constraints of the carrying capacity. The results showed that the ecological environment carrying capacity in the county generally showed an exponential growth, and the main obstacle factors affecting its change were: "total social fixed asset investment", "per capita GDP", "average annual rainfall", "average annual temperature", "population density" and "general public budget expenditure". The main factors driving the change of ecological environment carrying capacity can be summarized as "economic development", "population change", "natural conditions" and "policy response". After adding the mine density index, the area with medium or lower ecological environment quality in Zhushan County increased by 1.96%, among which the area of the " rather poor" and "poor" grades increased by 42.96 km² and 27.21 km² respectively. This study has certain significance in guiding the improvement of ecological environment and carrying capacity in Zhushan county.