Abstract: The problem of heavy metals contaminated soil is becoming more and more prominent. Long-term accumulation of heavy metals changed the quality of soil ecological environment, and then influenced crop growth and human health. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to restore heavy metal polluted soil. Before remediating of contaminated soil, we must understand clearlythe source and distribution of heavy metals, especially the heavy metal speciation. Heavy metals in soil have different forms, and each form has a corresponding extraction procedure. Five-step extraction method, BCR, etc. are common heavy metal extraction methods. Conventional methods for the determination of heavy metal ions in soil generally include atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, etc.. In order to better understand and predict the morphological distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil, it is rationally necessary to use chemical speciation analysis models of heavy metals in soil, including empirical models, mechanism models and multi-surface morphological models, which can efficiently simulate the morphological distribution and changing trend of heavy metals in soil. It provides an important basis for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.