Abstract: Objective As a national strategic critical mineral, gold occupies an irreplaceable core position in fields such as financial reserves and high-end technology. With the rapid development of China's strategic emerging industries, the demand for gold continues to rise. However, the domestic reserves of gold ore resources are difficult to fully meet the demand, and the high external dependence has become a key bottleneck restricting the stable development of related industries. Method This article elaborates on the current status of gold ore resources in China, and systematically summarizes the resource distribution and occurrence characteristics as well as the development process of mineral processing technologies. Result In the evolution of gold mineral processing technologies, the limitations of single processes have gradually become prominent—although each process has its applicable scenarios, their ability adapt to complex ores is limited. Combined process flows can integrate the advantages of multiple technologies, achieving efficient enrichment of gold minerals while realizing the comprehensive recovery of associated valuable minerals, which is in line with the development direction of green and efficient resource utilization. Conclusion In-depth research and optimization of practical mineral processing and metallurgical flowsheets are of great significance for improving the utilization level of China's gold ore resources, reducing external dependence, and supporting the long-term development of national defense and related industries.