Abstract: This paper introduces the present situation and problems of phosphate mine dressing, introduces the principle and application status of X-ray separation technology, and gives a detailed introduction and data analysis of the application in phosphate mine dressing. X-ray separation technology is non-water separation and simple process, it can solve the problems such as high flotation ratio of low grade phosphate ore, high consumption of heavy medium, high cost and bad influence on environment. Proposes some methods to improve the precision of X-ray separation technology of phosphate rock, and prospects the application prospect of this technology of phosphate.