Abstract: Based on fluorescence spectrum analysis and chemical multi-element analysis, through the process mineralogy study of a refractory lead-zinc mine in Hebei, the mineral composition, structure, main mineral embedding characteristics of the ore and the occurrence state of lead-zinc were found out. The results show that the lead content in the ore is 1.07%, and the lead minerals mainly exist in galena, accounting for 85.85%. The content of zinc is 2.08%. Zinc minerals mainly exist in sphalerite, accounting for 66.06%, and zinc oxide ore accounts for 22.43%, Galena is mainly embedded in contact with sphalerite and pyrite and metasomatized sphalerite and pyrite. The contact boundary is uneven, in harbor shape, sawtooth shape, nibbling shape, etc., with strong local metasomatism. Sphalerite is mainly in irregular heteromorphic grain structure, and a small amount is embedded in vein structure, which is distributed in disseminated shape in the ore. Through analysis, the embedded particle size of lead minerals in the raw ore is too fine and the continuous relationship with zinc flash minerals is complex, resulting in high zinc content in lead concentrate, high zinc oxidation rate, high zinc content in tailings and low zinc recovery rate.