Abstract: This article pertains to the field of agricultural science, with the focus on the application and effectiveness of dolomite in ameliorating acidified farmland soils. Addressing the increasingly prominent issue of soil acidification in Chinese farmlands, this study systematically elucidates the significant role played by dolomite, an alkaline carbonate mineral material, in soil improvement. Through a comprehensive analysis of dolomite's mechanisms for enhancement, the research findings demonstrate its ability to significantly increase soil pH value through acid-base neutralization and precipitation processes, effectively reduce toxic heavy metal ion activity, and enhance soil nutrient availability. Moreover, dolomite exerts a notable positive influence on the structure of soil microbial communities, thereby further promoting the health and balance of the soil ecosystem. Importantly, applying dolomite also leads to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emission intensity from acidified soils, offering a novel approach for regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles within farmland ecosystems. Economic benefit analysis indicates that as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly soil amendment option, dolomite holds tremendous potential for practical applications and market prospects. Future research can explore synergistic effects between dolomite and other soil amendments as well as develop application strategies tailored to different types of soils and cropping systems with an aim to provide more precise and efficient solutions for improving agricultural production.