Abstract: According to the special geochemical landscape and soil characteristics of typical pyrite mining areas in southern Sichuan, soil investigation method test was carried out in the pollution assessment of mining areas. The enrichment and distribution characteristics of elements in different soil horizon and size fraction were studied by multivariate statistical analysis, significance test, pollution load index calculation and other methods combined with element geochemical analysis. The results show that there are significant differences in the enrichment characteristics of elements among soil horizon. The sampling horizon is an important factor affecting the overall enrichment of elements. The surface soil has a higher overall enrichment degree of elements, and the sulfur element combination has a more obvious distribution tendency in coarse-grained soil. It is suggested that the area with high suitability should be selected, the sampling horizon should be surface (0~10 cm), and the particle size of sample preparation should be -2.00 mm.