Abstract: This article was aimed at a certain tellurium-bearing gold ore and its samples after alkaline leaching. Through the process mineralogical analysis of two samples, the elemental composition, mineral composition and minerals of the ore in the sampleswere respectively determined. The characteristics of the embedding, the occurrence state of the target element, the particle size distribution of the target mineral, etc. were reported. The research results showed that the presence of tellurium-bearing gold ore in the raw ore affectedthe leaching rate of gold during the leaching process. The alkaline leaching pretreatment process can oxidize the tellurium-bearing gold ore; the fine-grained minerals in the raw ore were oxidized and decomposed into fine particles during the alkaline leaching process. Granular minerals,during the alkaline leaching process, pyrite and tellurium-bearing gold ore were oxidized to release gold minerals. It is shown that the alkaline leaching pretreatment process has obvious effects on the treatment of tellurium-bearing gold ore, and has guiding significance for the formulation of the process flow of tellurium-bearing gold ore.