Abstract: Through detailed field geological survey, using high-precision mineral phase microscope, image analyzer, X-ray diffraction analyzer, scanning electron microscope and other testing methods, the research on the mineralogical characteristics of the Geertuo gold deposit, the results show that the metallic minerals are mainly hematite and limonite, and the non-metallic minerals are mainly calcite and quartz. Gold mainly exists in the form of natural gold, the content is more than 99%, and the particle size is between 3 μm and 20 μm, which belongs to microscopic gold. The intercalation relationship between gold and carrier minerals mainly includes fractured gold, intergranular gold and encapsulated gold. According to the characteristics of ore and minerals, the comparison test of beneficiation and smelting shows that the all-slime cyanide leaching scheme is a better beneficiation and smelting process for this type of mine.