Abstract: In order to find out the soil quality of the undeveloped ion adsorption type rare earth ore, and more purposeful monitoring in the mining process, a mining area in Ningdu, southern Jiangxi was taken as the research area, and the improved Nemerow soil fertility comprehensive method was used to evaluate the soil fertility of the research area, the single factor index method and Nemerow pollution index method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution status. Results show that: the soil fertility levels of each single item in the study area are is total phosphorus < total nitrogen < organic matter < available phosphorus < alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen < available potassium < total potassium, and the overall level is low and barren, which is better than that of a mining waste area; The pollution levels of heavy metals are As<Ni<Cr<Cu<Zn<Cd<Pb, which are all within the safe area and comparable with the soil background value in Jiangxi Province, and better than a mining waste area. The research revealed that the soil fertility in this area is low and there is no heavy metal pollution. In the later development and utilization, attention should be paid to the monitoring of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, Pb, Cd and As in the soil.