Abstract: This is an essay in the field of earth sciences. With the opening of a new round of mining breakthrough strategic action, the search for key mineral resources such as lithium and rare earth is the core and key to national energy resource security and is crucial to the development of the national economy, national defense and strategic emerging industries. The profile measurement and comprehensive study of the Lower Permian Liangshan Formation (P1l) clay rock system in the Panzhihua area, Sichuan Province are carried out. The key metals such as lithium, gallium and rare earth may come from the weathering products of the underlying layer (ancient weathering crust), which are widely distributed in the area from Panzhihua to Ya 'an. The aluminous clay rock of the Liangshan Formation, which is related to weathering, is a rich layer of lithium, gallium and rare earth metals, which has good prospecting prospects.