Abstract: Study on occurrence states of rare metal elements provides basic date and theoretical basis for prospecting, processing and selecting metallurgical process of the rare metal ore. In this paper, niobium-tantalum ore from a granite-pegmatite in Henan Province was analyzed by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, polarization optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, the occurrence states of rare metal elements was discussed. The results showed that niobium and tantalum occur in niobium-tantalum minerals and microlite, mainly exist as independent minerals. In addition, a small quantity of niobium and tantalum occurs in cassiterite and exists as isomorphism. Beryllium occurs in beryl and exists as independent mineral. The recoverable minerals are niobium-tantalum minerals, microlite and beryl. In this deposit, niobium and tantalum are of low grade and complex occurrence state, so it is suggested to recycle niobium and tantalum by gravity separation, strong magnetic separation and shaking table.