Abstract: This is an essay in the field of process mineralogy. By means of chemical multi-element analysis, chemical phase analysis, optical microscope and automatic mineral parameter analysis system (MLA), the systematic research on process mineralogy of the molybdenum ore with high oxidation rate in Sandaozhuang mining area has been done in this study, which mainly include mineralogical factors affecting molybdenum recovery, such as ore chemical composition, mineral composition, occurrence state of molybdenum and tungsten and embedding characteristics of target minerals. The results show that the content of Mo in the ore is 0.06%, and the content of WO₃ in the ore is 0.10%. The main metal minerals in the ore are pyrite, magnetite, molybdenite, scheelite and chalcopyrite. Nonmetallic minerals are mainly garnet, quartz, diopside and amphibole formed by alteration, and contain a small number of carbonate minerals, plagioclase, apatite, fluorite and epidote formed by alteration. The phase analysis of molybdenum in the raw ore shows that the proportion of molybdenum sulfide in the raw ore is 72.13%, and the proportion of molybdenum oxide is 27.87%. The carrier mineral of molybdenum oxide is mainly scheelite. This part of molybdenum will be recovered with the recovery of tungsten, so it will affect the recovery rate of molybdenum concentrate. Although the Cu content in the ore is low (0.016%), some chalcopyrite has good floatability, which will make the copper content in molybdenum concentrate exceed the standard. Therefore, the selection of copper inhibitors and the determination of process structure are also the focus of the beneficiation and recovery of the ore.