Abstract: This is an article in the field of ceramics and composites. The performance of asphalt mixtures with different iron tailings content was analyzed. The rutting resistance, water stability and crack resistance of the asphalt mixture were analyzed. This verified the feasibility of iron tailings applied to the middle surface of low-grade roads. The results showed that the flexural strength decreased the most when the dosage was from 20% to 40%. The increase rate of immersion residue stability began to decrease after the dosage was 20%. As the content of iron tailings continued to increase, the FT-IR spectrum of iron tailings asphalt concrete showed a small, new absorption peak locally and an enhancement to the original absorption peak. This showed that after the addition of iron tailings, the asphalt concrete chemically reacted with it, and the internal structure of the original asphalt was changed and new functional groups were generated. With the increasing content of iron tailings, the proportion of the area of cycloalkane and alkane C-H functional groups in the asphalt concrete of iron tailings asphalt concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. And when the iron tailings content was 20%, the area ratio of asphalt naphthenic and alkane C-H functional groups reached the maximum.