Abstract: Improving the efficiency of mineral resource development is conducive to strengthening the ability to guarantee resources, and is of great practical significance to promoting the sustainable development of the region. In order to explore the improvement path of mineral resource development efficiency in Sichuan Province, this paper uses DEA-BCC model and Malmquist index model to measure and evaluate the mineral resource development efficiency of 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2018 from static and dynamic perspectives. The results show that the development level of mineral resources in Sichuan Province is gradually improving, and technological progress is the main driving force for efficiency improvement, but there is still much room for improvement in pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Secondly, there are differences in the efficiency of mineral resource development between regions. The development efficiency of the Chengdu Plain and Panxi Region has improved the most, while the improvement of mineral resource development efficiency in southern and northeastern Sichuan has been relatively slow. At the end of this article, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward based on the evaluation results to provide references for improving the efficiency of mineral resource development.